If a service member feels wronged by their commanding officer, under what article of the UCMJ can they seek redress after being denied by the commander?

The correct choice is based on Article 138 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ), which specifically addresses grievances from service members against their commanding officers. This article allows any member of the armed forces to seek redress for any wrongs or grievances they believe have been committed by their superiors. If a service member has a complaint that they feel has not been adequately addressed by their commander, they can formally submit a complaint under Article 138. This process ensures that service members have a mechanism to raise concerns regarding their treatment and ensure accountability within the chain of command.

In contrast, Article 15 relates to non-judicial punishment and addresses disciplinary actions, not grievances. Article 31 provides the right against self-incrimination, protecting service members during interrogations. Article 10 pertains to the apprehension of personnel, and does not address grievances or seeking redress. Thus, the focus of Article 138 as a tool for addressing perceived injustices makes it the appropriate answer for a service member feeling wronged by their commander.